N-acetylcysteine, treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection.

N-acetylcysteine, treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection.

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), being both a mucolytic agent and a thiol-containing antioxidant, may affect the establishment and maintenance of H. pylori infection within the gastric mucus layer and mucosa.

This study demonstrates that NAC inhibits the growth of H. pylori in both agar and broth susceptibility tests and in H. pylori-infected mice. NAC did not alter the severity of H. pylori- or H. felis-induced gastritis.

Amplify’d from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

N-Acetylcysteine

Dig Dis Sci. 2004 Nov-Dec;49(11-12):1853-61.

N-acetylcysteine, a novel treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection. Huynh HQ, Couper RT, Tran CD, Moore L, Kelso R, Butler RN. Source Women's Children's Hospital, South Australia. hien.huynh@ualberta.ca Abstract N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), being both a mucolytic agent and a thiol-containing antioxidant, may affect the establishment and maintenance of H. pylori infection within the gastric mucus layer and mucosa. Agar and broth dilution susceptibility tests determined the MIC of H. pylori strain SSI to NAC. H. pylori load in SSI strain-infected C57BL mice was determined as colony forming units per gram of gastric tissue. Gastritis assessment was scored and gastric surface hydrophobicity was determined by contact angle measurement. MICs of NAC were 5 to 10 and 10 to 15 mg/ml using the agar dilution and broth dilution methods, respectively. NAC (120 mg per day for 14 days) reduced the H. pylori load in mice by almost 1 log compared with sham treatment. Pretreatment with NAC (40 mg/day) also significantly reduced the H. pylori load but did not prevent H. pylori colonization. Both H. pylori infection and NAC reduced the surface hydrophobicity of murine gastric mucosa. No significant differences were observed in the gastritis scores of H. felis- or H. pylori-infected mice receiving either NAC or sham treatments. This study demonstrates that NAC inhibits the growth of H. pylori in both agar and broth susceptibility tests and in H. pylori-infected mice. NAC did not alter the severity of H. pylori- or H. felis-induced gastritis. Read more at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

See this Amp at http://amplify.com/u/a1kxio

Gastric Bypass improves hormonal factors in Diabetes

Cardiometabolic risk factors, fasting insulin levels decreased "dramatically" from 31.7 to 7.4 mU/L

Amplify’d from www.medscape.com

From Medscape Medical News

Gastric Bypass Has Weight-Independent Metabolic Benefits

Kate Johnson

December 8, 2011 (Dubai, United Arab Emirates) — Gastric bypass surgery normalized metabolic, inflammatory, and vascular risk markers in obese adolescents despite continued obesity 2 years after surgery, according to results of the Swedish Adolescent Morbid Obesity Study reported here at the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) World Diabetes Congress.

"Bypass surgery seems to have a weight-independent effect, probably due to the release of GLP-1 [glucagon-like peptide-1]," said Emilia Hagman, a PhD student at the Karolinska Institutet, in Stockholm, Sweden, who reported the findings on behalf of her colleague Claude Marcus, MD, PhD, who was unwell.

The nationwide, prospective, nonrandomized study included 81 adolescents (28 males, 53 females) aged 13 to 18 years (mean age, 16.5 years) who underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery between June 2006 and April 2009.

Individuals with mental retardation, severe depression, severe eating disorders, and a history of drug abuse were excluded. However, patients with attention-deficit disorder and minor psychiatric illness were included, and, in fact, 80% of the cohort had some abnormal psychiatric background, Ms. Hagman said.

At baseline, the mean weight of the patients was 133 kg and mean body mass index (BMI) was 45.5 kg/m2.

At 2 years after surgery, after a mean weight loss to 89 kg, the mean BMI of patients remained in the obese range at 30 kg/m2 but was still significantly lower than at baseline (P < .001), she reported.

In terms of cardiometabolic risk factors, fasting insulin levels decreased "dramatically" from 31.7 to 7.4 mU/L, said Ms. Hagman.

Additionally, hemoglobin A1C decreased from 4.37% to 4.17%, fasting glucose from 5.1 to 4.9 mmol/L, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from 2.6 to 2.0 mmol/L, triglycerides from 1.2 to 0.9 mmol/L, apolipoprotein B from 1.3 to 0.7 g/L, C-reactive protein from 7.2 to 2.5 nmol/L, white blood cell count from 8.2 to 6.5 x 109/L, and blood pressure from 124/78 to 117/71 mm Hg (all changes P < .001).

Meanwhile, both apolipoprotein A increased from 1.13 to 1.33 g/L and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased from 1.09 to 1.37 mmol/L (both changes P < .001), she said.

Gastric bypass was chosen over gastric banding because of its better results for long-term weight loss, Ms. Hagman said. "We also know that GLP-1 release is increased with bypass and is unchanged by gastric banding, insulin levels reduce immediately after bypass as opposed to being dependent on weight loss with banding, and diabetes remission is 80% at 2 years post-bypass versus 55% after banding," she added.

Roughly 43% of patients regained some weight between 1 and 2 years after surgery, but this gain did not reverse the positive cardiometabolic changes. However, mean insulin levels were higher among patients who gained weight than in those who did not.

The treatment was generally well tolerated, with quality of life improved for all measures on the Short-Form Health Survey-36, she said.

Adverse events associated with the procedure included reoperation due to gall bladder surgeries (n = 7), intra-abdominal hernia (n = 2), unwanted pregnancy (n = 2), decreased self-esteem (n = 5), self-destructive behavior (n = 2), eating disorders (n = 2), drug abuse (n = 2), and suicide attempts (n = 2). However, the most common adverse effect was low vitamin levels, seen in 55 patients despite prescribed supplementation, she said.

"One has to remember that the psychosocial background for morbidly obese adolescents is already problematic," she said.

"Overall, if you're looking at the metabolic parameters, there's no question that they improve. The question is long-term outcome," said Arya Sharma, MD, PhD, professor of medicine and chair of Obesity Research and Management at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, who co-chaired of the session at which the study was presented.

"With some of these kids being as young as 13 years, the fact that about 50% of them developed vitamin deficiencies speaks to some of the challenges of gastric bypass surgery," he told Medscape Medical News.

"The problem with a band is that it requires a high degree of patient compliance, so you don't get the kind of weight loss with a banding operation. So, even with the risk of nutritional deficiencies, this study probably doesn't speak against doing bypass, because I know that [these children] are in a very desperate situation and that without treatment or losing weight these kids probably don't have very much of a future."

International Diabetes Federation (IDF) World Diabetes Congress 2011. Abstract #O-0531. Presented December 7, 2011. Read more at www.medscape.com

 

See this Amp at http://amplify.com/u/a1jqww

Weight Loss Improves Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes

Beta cell function can improve after just 12 weeks of weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes, according to research presented here at the International Diabetes Federation World Diabetes Congress 2011.

For the first time, these changes have been shown to correlate with a decrease in pancreatic polypeptide, reported Hana Kahleova, MD, from the diabetes centre at the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague, Czech Republic.

Amplify’d from www.medscape.com

Weight Loss Improves Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes

December 7, 2011 (Dubai, United Arab Emirates) — Beta cell function can improve after just 12 weeks of weight loss in patients with type 2 diabetes, according to research presented here at the International Diabetes Federation World Diabetes Congress 2011. For the first time, these changes have been shown to correlate with a decrease in pancreatic polypeptide, reported Hana Kahleova, MD, from the diabetes centre at the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague, Czech Republic. "This is a novel suggestion of a mechanism through which weight loss might improve beta cell function. This is new, and it might help with therapeutic choices," said Dana Dabelea, MD, PhD, associate professor at the Colorado School of Public Health in Aurora, and cochair of the session in which the research was presented. The study involved 74 subjects with type 2 diabetes who were treated with oral hypoglycemic agents. Mean age was 56.6 years, mean body mass index was 35.8 kg/m², and mean glycated hemoglobin level was 7.7%. Subjects were prescribed 12 weeks of a weight-loss diet alone (a reduction of 500 kcal/day) followed by 12 weeks of the same diet but with aerobic exercise added. At baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks, insulin sensitivity was measured using a hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic clamp, plasma concentration of gastrointestinal peptides was measured during a fasting state and during clamp-induced hyperinsulinemia, beta cell function was assessed during standard meal tests, and the insulin secretory rate was calculated by C-peptide deconvolution. In the cohort, mean weight loss was 5.0 kg (P = .001) after 12 weeks of dietary intervention; weight did not change significantly after the addition of exercise, said Dr. Kahleova. Both fasting and stimulated plasma glucose and insulin concentrations decreased in response to the diet. In the case of glucose, there was no change after the addition of exercise, but plasma insulin decreased further with exercise. Similarly, plasma concentrations of C-peptide decreased in response to the diet and further in response to exercise. In addition, peripheral insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion increased, and glucose sensitivity of beta cells increased by 26% in response to the diet without a significant change after the addition of exercise. "We also observed a marked decrease in both fasting and hyperinsulinemic concentrations of pancreatic polypeptide in response to dietary intervention," said Dr. Kahleova. There was no significant change in other gastrointestinal peptides. "Pancreatic polypeptide is a novel marker, and the authors are showing for the first time in the context of caloric restriction that a reduction in pancreatic polypeptide correlated with an improvement in beta cell function," said John Sievenpiper, MD, PhD, from McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, who attended the presentation. "But the bigger story for me is that they showed an improvement in beta cell function following a guidelines-based diet. Beta cell function is really an issue in type 2 diabetes in terms of the natural history and progression of the disease. Anything that can help delay the deterioration is really valuable." Read more at www.medscape.com

 

See this Amp at http://amplify.com/u/a1jnc0

Dangers of Sugar in "Fruit" Drinks

Dangers of Sugar in "Fruit" Drinks

Fruit drinks are the devil, apparently.

According to this illustration by healthscience.net, the sugar-pumped cocktails contain more calories than coca-cola and in some cases, a fried chicken leg!

The problem is that almost any liquid concoction can be called a "fruit drink" as long it contains some fruit juice — which more often than not is a measly 10%.

What's worse, for every 8 oz. of sugary drink per day, a child's odds of obesity increase by 60%.

No wonder Americans are getting fatter.

Read more at www.businessinsider.com

Amplify’d from www.businessinsider.com

INFOGRAPHIC: Fruit Drinks Are Making Kids Fat

Fruit drinks are the devil, apparently. According to this illustration by healthscience.net, the sugar-pumped cocktails contain more calories than coca-cola and in some cases, a fried chicken leg! The problem is that almost any liquid concoction can be called a "fruit drink" as long it contains some fruit juice — which more often than not is a measly 10%.   What's worse, for every 8 oz. of sugary drink per day, a child's odds of obesity increase by 60%.  No wonder Americans are getting fatter.  Read more at www.businessinsider.com

 

See this Amp at http://amplify.com/u/a1jn8z

New Rx of H. Pylori

Dr. Basu added that the cost of LOAD therapy was similar to that of standard 14-day triple drug regimens.

"Considering the compelling data available, LOAD should be considered primary therapy for H. Pylori infection," he said.

Amplify’d from www.medscape.com

nitazoxanide

New Four-Drug Regimen Quells H. Pylori in Open-Label Study

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) Nov 15 - A novel regimen using 3 antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) is highly active against Helicobacter pylori in treatment-naive patients, researchers report in a paper online October 11 in the American Journal of Gastroenterology.

This quadruple drug regimen comprised levofloxacin, omeprazole, nitazoxanide, and doxycycline (LOAD). This regimen has a "very high eradication rate" and "virtually negligible" side effects, lead author Dr. P. Patrick Basu told Reuters Health by email.

Dr. Basu, of Columbia University in New York, and colleagues note that resistance to standard treatment regimens has led to PPI, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin triple-therapy cure rates consistently falling below 80%. Other regimens such as those containing metronidazole have also been used, but resistance to that agent has reportedly been as high as 66%.

Newer treatment regimens aimed at eradicating the organism more effectively are increasing in popularity, the researchers say. They conducted an open-label study of the LOAD regimen in 270 patients with H. pylori gastritis or peptic ulcer disease.

Patients were randomized to receive LOAD for seven or 10 days, or be treated with lansoprazole, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin (LAC) therapy for 10 days. Eradication was confirmed by stool antigen testing at least four weeks after cessation of therapy.

Intention-to-treat analysis showed that eradication was higher with LOAD, both with the shorter (90.0%) and longer (88.9%) regimens, than with LAC (73.3%, p<0.05). Adverse events such as headache, nausea, and bloating did not differ between groups.

"A large, randomized controlled clinical trial is warranted to confirm the therapeutic superiority of this regimen," the researchers note.

Dr. Basu added that the cost of LOAD therapy was similar to that of standard 14-day triple drug regimens.

"Considering the compelling data available, LOAD should be considered primary therapy for H. Pylori infection," he said.

SOURCE: http://bit.ly/sDMUNL

Am J Gastroenterol 2011. Read more at www.medscape.com

 

See this Amp at http://amplify.com/u/a1is0e

MGB Significantly Better than Band

MGB better treatment of blood pressure, blood sugar and better weight loss.

Amplify’d from www.springerlink.com

Table 1 Characteristics of the 520 severely obese patients before and 6 months after bariatric surgery   Before After LAGB (n = 149) LMGB (n = 371) p value LAGB (n = 149) LMGB (n = 371) p value Age (mean ± SD) 31.9 ± 9.2 30. 7 ± 8.3 0.23 – – – Male/female 66/83 105/266 <0.01 – –   Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) 136.5 ± 20.5 134.0 ± 17.6 0.18 143.8 ± 25.8 129.2 ± 19.9 <0.01 Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) 86.6 ± 13.4 86.0 ± 12.9 0.65 87.3 ± 24.2 75.8 ± 13.2 <0.01 HbA1c (%) 7.2 ± 1.1 7.0 ± 1.0 0.10 6.6 ± 0.6 6.1 ± 0.6 0.10 Hemoglobin (g/dl) 14.3 ± 1.7 14.0 ± 1.6 0.27 14.9 ± 1.6 14.8 ± 1.8 0.49 Blood glucose (mg/dl) 149.7 ± 65.5 149.5 ± 44.9 0.51 119.5 ± 16.1 113.5 ± 9.4 0.06 BMI (kg/m2) 41.9 ± 6.3 42.0 ± 6.2 0.87 35.1 ± 6.5 31.3 ± 4.8 0.01 Read more at www.springerlink.com

 

See this Amp at http://amplify.com/u/a1irzg

Treatment of DPN (diabetic peripheral neuropathy) with Carnitine support its use

The results from 2 published clinical trials involving 1679 subjects were included. Subjects who received at least 2 g daily of Carnitine showed decreases in pain scores.



One study showed improvements in electrophysiologic factors such as nerve conduction velocities, while the other did not. Patients who had neuropathic pain reported reductions in pain using a visual analog scale. Nerve regeneration was documented in one trial. The supplement was well tolerated.



Data on treatment of DPN (diabetic peripheral neuropathy) with Carnitine support its use. It should be recommended to patients early in the disease process to provide maximal benefit.

Amplify’d from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Ann Pharmacother. 2008 Nov;42(11):1686-91. Epub 2008 Oct 21. Role of acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Evans JD, Jacobs TF, Evans EW. Source Department of Clinical and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, USA. jevans@ulm.edu Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search (1966-April 2008) of the English-language literature was performed using the search terms carnitine, diabetes, nerve, and neuropathy. Studies identified were then cross-referenced for their citations. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: The search was limited to clinical trials, meta-analyses, and reviews addressing the use of ALC for the treatment of DPN. Studies that included other disease states that could cause peripheral neuropathy were excluded. Two large clinical studies that used ALC for the treatment of DPN were identified. No case studies were identified. DATA SYNTHESIS: The results from 2 published clinical trials involving 1679 subjects were included. Subjects who received at least 2 g daily of ALC showed decreases in pain scores. One study showed improvements in electrophysiologic factors such as nerve conduction velocities, while the other did not. Patients who had neuropathic pain reported reductions in pain using a visual analog scale. Nerve regeneration was documented in one trial. The supplement was well tolerated. A proprietary form of ALC was used in both studies. CONCLUSIONS: Data on treatment of DPN with ALC support its use. It should be recommended to patients early in the disease process to provide maximal benefit. Further studies should be conducted to determine the effectiveness of ALC in the treatment and prevention of the worsening symptoms of DPN. Read more at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

See this Amp at http://amplify.com/u/a1imji

Gastroprotective effect of L-carnitine on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury

Numerous studies have shown that use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with various gastric mucosal lesions,



L-carnitine, protects the biological membranes against lipid peroxidation. It has recently been shown that L-carnitine has a gastroprotective effect on gastric mucosa.



RESULTS:

The intragastric administration of indomethacin induced hyperemia and hemorrhagic erosions in the rat stomachs. L-carnitine significantly prevented gastric ulcerogenesis induced by indomethacin and decreased the ulcer index macroscopically and histopathologically.



CONCLUSION:

L-carnitine decreases indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury and this gastroprotective effect may be attributed to its well-known antioxidant effect.

Amplify’d from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Folia Med (Plovdiv). 2006;48(3-4):86-9. Gastroprotective effect of L-carnitine on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats: a preliminary study. Erkin B, Dokmeci D, Altaner S, Turan FN. Source Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University Edirne, Turkey. Abstract BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with various gastric mucosal lesions, collectively referred to as NSAID gastropathy, but the detailed mechanism is still not properly understood. L-carnitine, a vitamin-like substance, is a naturally occurring enzymatic antioxidant with a potent free oxygen radical quencher and scavenger capacity; it protects the biological membranes against lipid peroxidation. It has recently been shown that L-carnitine has a gastroprotective effect on gastric mucosa. To our knowledge, the role of L-carnitine on NSAIDs-induced gastric mucosal injury is undefined. AIM: The aim of the present study was to determine the gastroprotective effect of L-carnitine on indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal lesions in the rat stomachs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In our study, gastric mucosal injury was induced by the intragastric administration of indomethacin (30 mg/kg). L-carnitine (10, 50, 100 mg/kg) was given to rats by gavage 30 min before the indomethacin administration. The animals were killed 3 h after administration of indomethacin. The stomach of each animal was removed. Mucosal damage was evaluated with macroscopic study and histopathologically. RESULTS: The intragastric administration of indomethacin induced hyperemia and hemorrhagic erosions in the rat stomachs. L-carnitine significantly prevented gastric ulcerogenesis induced by indomethacin and decreased the ulcer index macroscopically and histopathologically. CONCLUSION: L-carnitine decreases indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal injury and this gastroprotective effect may be attributed to its well-known antioxidant effect. Read more at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

See this Amp at http://amplify.com/u/a1imj8

L-Carnitine Protects the lining of the Stomach from Ulcer

L-Carnitine Protects the lining of the Stomach from Ulcer



The intragastric administration of ethanol induced hyperemia and hemorrhagic erosions in the rat stomachs. L-carnitine significantly prevented gastric ulcerogenesis induced by ethanol and decreased the ulcer index. Plasma and gastric lipid peroxidation that was increased significantly by ethanol was decreased after treatment with L-carnitine. Ethanol treatment decreased significantly the gastric glutathione levels, and pretreatment with L-carnitine increased them significantly. Based on these data, the beneficial effects of L-carnitine on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury may be attributed to its antiperoxidative effects.

Amplify’d from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pharmacol Rep. 2005 Jul-Aug;57(4):481-8. L-carnitine inhibits ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Dokmeci D, Akpolat M, Aydogdu N, Doganay L, Turan FN. Source Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22 030, Edirne, Turkey. dikmendokmeci@hotmail.com Abstract L-carnitine is a quaternary amine that is essential for the normal oxidation of long-chain fatty acids by mitochondria. It is known that L-carnitine and its derivatives prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species, scavenge free radicals and protect cells from peroxidative stress. Oxygen-derived free radicals and lipid peroxidation products play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of L-carnitine on lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol in the rat stomach. In our study, gastric mucosal injury was induced by the intragastric administration of 1 ml of absolute ethanol. Test compounds were given to rats by gavage 30 min before the ethanol administration. The animals were killed 60 min after the administration of ethanol. The stomach of each animal was removed. Mucosal damage was evaluated by macroscopic examination, histological analysis and by measurement of lipid peroxidation and glutathione activity. The intragastric administration of ethanol induced hyperemia and hemorrhagic erosions in the rat stomachs. L-carnitine significantly prevented gastric ulcerogenesis induced by ethanol and decreased the ulcer index. Plasma and gastric lipid peroxidation that was increased significantly by ethanol was decreased after treatment with L-carnitine. Ethanol treatment decreased significantly the gastric glutathione levels, and pretreatment with L-carnitine increased them significantly. Based on these data, the beneficial effects of L-carnitine on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury may be attributed to its antiperoxidative effects. Read more at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

See this Amp at http://amplify.com/u/a1imj0

L-Carnitine Protects the lining of the Stomach from Ulcer

The intragastric administration of ethanol induced hyperemia and hemorrhagic erosions in the rat stomachs. L-carnitine significantly prevented gastric ulcerogenesis induced by ethanol and decreased the ulcer index. Plasma and gastric lipid peroxidation that was increased significantly by ethanol was decreased after treatment with L-carnitine. Ethanol treatment decreased significantly the gastric glutathione levels, and pretreatment with L-carnitine increased them significantly. Based on these data, the beneficial effects of L-carnitine on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury may be attributed to its antiperoxidative effects.

Amplify’d from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Pharmacol Rep. 2005 Jul-Aug;57(4):481-8. L-carnitine inhibits ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats. Dokmeci D, Akpolat M, Aydogdu N, Doganay L, Turan FN. Source Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, 22 030, Edirne, Turkey. dikmendokmeci@hotmail.com Abstract L-carnitine is a quaternary amine that is essential for the normal oxidation of long-chain fatty acids by mitochondria. It is known that L-carnitine and its derivatives prevent the formation of reactive oxygen species, scavenge free radicals and protect cells from peroxidative stress. Oxygen-derived free radicals and lipid peroxidation products play a critical role in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of L-carnitine on lipid peroxidation induced by ethanol in the rat stomach. In our study, gastric mucosal injury was induced by the intragastric administration of 1 ml of absolute ethanol. Test compounds were given to rats by gavage 30 min before the ethanol administration. The animals were killed 60 min after the administration of ethanol. The stomach of each animal was removed. Mucosal damage was evaluated by macroscopic examination, histological analysis and by measurement of lipid peroxidation and glutathione activity. The intragastric administration of ethanol induced hyperemia and hemorrhagic erosions in the rat stomachs. L-carnitine significantly prevented gastric ulcerogenesis induced by ethanol and decreased the ulcer index. Plasma and gastric lipid peroxidation that was increased significantly by ethanol was decreased after treatment with L-carnitine. Ethanol treatment decreased significantly the gastric glutathione levels, and pretreatment with L-carnitine increased them significantly. Based on these data, the beneficial effects of L-carnitine on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury may be attributed to its antiperoxidative effects. Read more at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

See this Amp at http://amplify.com/u/a1imhn

Statin Drug Protects Against Ulcers

Statin Drug Protects Against Ulcers



Gastroprotective effect of simvastatin against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer



Simvastatin significantly increased the gastric mucosal total nitrite and prostaglandin E(2) levels. Additionally, simvastatin attenuated the elevations in gastric mucosal superoxide dismutase observed with indomethacin. The gastroprotective effect afforded by simvastatin was significantly augmented by coadministration with L-arginine (a nitric oxide precursor) and inhibited by coadministration with L-NAME (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). Results confirm a gastroprotective effect for simvastatin

Amplify’d from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Apr 1;607(1-3):188-93. Epub 2009 Feb 13. Gastroprotective effect of simvastatin against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats: role of nitric oxide and prostaglandins. Heeba GH, Hassan MK, Amin RS. Source Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 6111, Egypt. ghhh70@yahoo.com Abstract This study investigated the possible mechanisms underlying the gastroprotective effect of simvastatin against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Rats were randomly assigned to vehicle-, simvastatin-, simvastatin+L-arginine- and simvastatin+N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-pretreated groups for two weeks. Pyloric ligation was performed for the collection of gastric juice, and gastric ulceration was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of indomethacin (30 mg/kg). Gastric juice parameters (total acid output, pepsin activity and mucin concentration) were determined. The stomachs tissues were used for determination of gastric mucosal lipid peroxides, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total nitrites and prostaglandin E(2) levels. Pretreatment with simvastatin (10 mg/kg, orally, for 2 weeks) caused significant reduction in gastric mucosal lesions and lipid peroxides associated with a significant increase in gastric juice mucin concentration. Simvastatin significantly increased the gastric mucosal total nitrite and prostaglandin E(2) levels. Additionally, simvastatin attenuated the elevations in gastric mucosal superoxide dismutase observed with indomethacin. The gastroprotective effect afforded by simvastatin was significantly augmented by coadministration with L-arginine (a nitric oxide precursor) and inhibited by coadministration with L-NAME (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). Results confirm a gastroprotective effect for simvastatin, and indicate that the anti-ulcer effect of simvastatin is mediated by scavenging free radicals, increasing nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) levels, and increasing gastric juice mucin production. We conclude that simvastatin represents a more suitable antihyperlipidemic therapy for patients who are at risk of gastric ulcers that were induced by the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Read more at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

See this Amp at http://amplify.com/u/a1imhb

Marginal Ulcer After RNY Bypass 4 - 8%

Marginal Ulcer After RNY Bypass 4-8.0%



"With the rising number of Roux en-Y gastric bypasses performed around the world, general surgeons should expect to face an equally rising number of early- and late-term complications.



Marginal or anastomotic ulcers constitute the majority of these cases, representing as many as 52 percent of postoperative complications.[13]



Marginal ulceration is a challenging problem, which can cause significant of morbidity in the postoperative bariatric patient. In addition, while prevention is key, it is often difficult to achieve."

Amplify’d from www.springerlink.com

Clinical Research Comparison of Hand-Sewn, Linear-Stapled, and Circular-Stapled Gastrojejunostomy in Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Frank P. Bendewald, Jennifer N. Choi, Lorie S. Blythe, Don J. Selzer, John H. Ditslear and Samer G. Mattar Download PDF (111.3 KB) View HTML Permissions & Reprints Related Issue Journal View Related Documents full access Journal Article Circular- vs. Linear-Stapled Gastrojejunostomy in Laparoscopic Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass Arthur Bohdjalian, Felix B. Langer, Andreas Kranner, Soheila Shakeri-Leidenmühler and Johannes Zacherl, et al. Obesity Surgery, 2010, Volume 20, Number 4, Pages 440-446 Show SummaryHide Summary Download PDF (153.9 KB) View HTML Journal ArticleCircular- vs. Linear-Stapled Gastrojejunostomy in Laparoscopic Roux-En-Y Gastric BypassArthur Bohdjalian full access Journal Article Improved Surgical Technique for Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Reduces Complications at the Gastrojejunostomy Michel Suter, Andrea Donadini, Jean-Marie Calmes and Sébastien Romy Obesity Surgery, 2010, Volume 20, Number 7, Pages 841-845 Show SummaryHide Summary Download PDF (178.9 KB) View HTML Journal ArticleImproved Surgical Technique for Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Reduces Complications at the GastrojejunostomyMichel Suter full access Journal Article Linear Stapler Technique May Be Safer than Circular in Gastrojejunal Anastomosis for Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies Salvatore Giordano, Paulina Salminen, Fausto Biancari and Mikael Victorzon Obesity Surgery, 2011, Volume 21, Number 12, Pages 1958-1964 Show SummaryHide Summary Download PDF (530.4 KB) View HTML Journal ArticleLinear Stapler Technique May Be Safer than Circular in Gastrojejunal Anastomosis for Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Meta-analysis of Comparative StudiesSalvatore Giordano full access Journal Article Is BMI greater than 60 kg/m2 a predictor of higher morbidity after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass? L. Kushnir, W. J. Dunnican, B. Benedetto, W. Wang and C. Dolce, et al. Surgical Endoscopy, 2010, Volume 24, Number 1, Pages 94-97 Show SummaryHide Summary Download PDF (141.6 KB) View HTML Journal ArticleIs BMI greater than 60 kg/m2 a predictor of higher morbidity after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass?L. Kushnir full access Journal Article A comparative study of handsewn versus stapled gastrojejunal anastomosis in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass Amanda J. Kravetz, Subhash Reddy, Ghulam Murtaza and Panduranga Yenumula Surgical Endoscopy, 2011, Volume 25, Number 4, Pages 1287-1292 Show SummaryHide Summary Download PDF (157.0 KB) View HTML Journal ArticleA comparative study of handsewn versus stapled gastrojejunal anastomosis in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypassAmanda J. Kravetz full access Journal Article Decreasing anastomotic and staple line leaks after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass Terrence M. Fullum, Kanaychukwu J. Aluka and Patricia L. Turner Surgical Endoscopy, 2009, Volume 23, Number 6, Pages 1403-1408 Show SummaryHide Summary Download PDF (277.1 KB) View HTML Journal ArticleDecreasing anastomotic and staple line leaks after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypassTerrence M. Fullum full access Journal Article Gastrojejunal Anastomotic Stenosis in Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass with a Circular Stapler (21 mm): Incidence, Treatment and Long-term Follow-up Maria Dolores Frutos, Juan Luján, Arancha García, Quiteria Hernández and Graciela Valero, et al. Obesity Surgery, 2009, Volume 19, Number 12, Pages 1631-1635 Show SummaryHide Summary Download PDF (102.9 KB) View HTML Journal ArticleGastrojejunal Anastomotic Stenosis in Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass with a Circular Stapler (21 mm): Incidence, Treatment and Long-term Follow-upMaria Dolores Frutos full access Journal Article Transoral Technique for Gastrojejunostomy in Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGBP) Can Accelerate Learning Curve and Reduce Cost Luis Felipe Chavarriaga, Michael W. Cook, Brent White, Louis Jeansonne and Nana Gletsu, et al. Obesity Surgery, 2010, Volume 20, Number 7, Pages 846-850 Show SummaryHide Summary Download PDF (313.9 KB) View HTML Journal ArticleTransoral Technique for Gastrojejunostomy in Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGBP) Can Accelerate Learning Curve and Reduce CostLuis Felipe Chavarriaga full access Journal Article Fewer gastrojejunostomy strictures and marginal ulcers with absorbable suture Juan Carlos Vasquez, D. Wayne Overby and Timothy M. Farrell Surgical Endoscopy, 2009, Volume 23, Number 9, Pages 2011-2015 Show SummaryHide Summary Download PDF (255.7 KB) View HTML Journal ArticleFewer gastrojejunostomy strictures and marginal ulcers with absorbable sutureJuan Carlos Vasquez full access Journal Article Laparoscopic Hand-Sewn Gastrojejunal Anastomoses Juan Carlos Ruiz-de-Adana, Julio López-Herrero, Alberto Hernández-Matías, Laura Colao-Garcia and Jose-Manuel Muros-Bayo, et al. Obesity Surgery, 2008, Volume 18, Number 9, Pages 1074-1076 Show SummaryHide Summary Download PDF (75.9 KB) View HTML Journal ArticleLaparoscopic Hand-Sewn Gastrojejunal AnastomosesJuan Carlos Ruiz-de-Adana Scroll upScroll down References (25) Export Citation About Abstract Background   There is no consensus on the ideal gastrojejunostomy anastomosis (GJA) technique in laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB). We reviewed our experience with three GJA techniques (hand-sewn (HSA), linear-stapled (LSA), and 25-mm circular-stapled (CSA)) to determine which anastomosis technique is associated with the lowest early (60-day) anastomotic complication rates. Methods   From November 2004 through December 2009, 882 consecutive patients underwent LRYGB using three GJA techniques: HSA, LSA, and CSA. All patients had a minimum of 2 months follow-up. Records were reviewed for postoperative gastrojejunostomy leak, stricture, and marginal ulcer, and these early complications were classified according to anastomosis technique. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine associations between complications and anastomosis technique. Results   Preoperative demographics, length of hospital stay, and postoperative follow-up did not differ between the three groups. The majority of patients underwent LSA (n = 514, 61.6%) followed by HSA (n = 180, 21.6%) and CSA (n = 140, 16.8%). Using multivariate analysis, there were no statistically significant differences in the rates of leak (LSA 1.0%, HSA 1.1%, CSA 0.0%, p = 0.480), stricture (LSA 6.0%, HSA 6.1%, CSA 4.3%, p = 0.657), or marginal ulcer (LSA 8.0%, HSA 7.7%, CSA 3.6%, p = 0.180). Conclusions   The three techniques can be used safely with a low complication rate. Our data do not identify a superior anastomosis technique. Read more at www.springerlink.com

 

See this Amp at http://amplify.com/u/a1ij5l

Here Comes the MGB!! MGB Makes up 1/6 of All Weight Loss Surgery in Asia

Here Comes the MGB!!



Study shows that MGB Now Makes up 1/6 of All Weight Loss Surgery in Asia!



For combined years 2005-2009, the four most commonly performed procedures were laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB, 35.9%), laparoscopic standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB, 24.3%), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG, 19.5%), and laparoscopic mini gastric bypass (15.4%).

Amplify’d from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Obes Surg. 2011 Oct 28. [Epub ahead of print] Bariatric Surgery in Asia in the Last 5 Years (2005-2009). Lomanto D, Lee WJ, Goel R, Lee JJ, Shabbir A, So JB, Huang CK, Chowbey P, Lakdawala M, Sutedja B, Wong SK, Kitano S, Fah CK, Dineros HC, Wong A, Cheng A, Pasupathy S, Lee SK, Pongchairerks P, Giang TB. Source Department of Surgery, Minimally Invasive Surgical Centre, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119074, Singapore, Singapore. Abstract Obesity is a major public health concern around the world, including Asia. Bariatric surgery has grown in popularity to combat this rising trend. An e-mail questionnaire survey was sent to all the representative Asia-Pacific Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Society (APMBSS) members of 12 leading Asian countries to provide bariatric surgery data for the last 5 years (2005-2009). The data provided by representative members were discussed at the 6th International APMBSS Congress held at Singapore between 21st and 23rd October 2010. Eleven nations except China responded. Between 2005 and 2009, a total of 6,598 bariatric procedures were performed on 2,445 men and 4,153 women with a mean age of 35.5 years (range, 18-69years) and mean BMI of 44.27 kg/m(2) (range, 31.4-73 kg/m(2)) by 155 practicing surgeons. Almost all of the operations were performed laparoscopically (99.8%). For combined years 2005-2009, the four most commonly performed procedures were laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB, 35.9%), laparoscopic standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB, 24.3%), laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG, 19.5%), and laparoscopic mini gastric bypass (15.4%). Comparing the 5-year trend from 2004 to 2009, the absolute numbers of bariatric surgery procedures in Asia increased from 381 to 2,091, an increase of 5.5 times. LSG increased from 1% to 24.8% and LRYGB from 12% to 27.7%, a relative increase of 24.8 and 2.3 times, whereas LAGB and mini gastric bypass decreased from 44.6% to 35.6% and 41.7% to 6.7%, respectively. The absolute growth rate of bariatric surgery in Asia over the last 5 years was 449%. Read more at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

 

See this Amp at http://amplify.com/u/a1icn1